Q.C. Zhang Twistor Configuration Geometry
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The Electron as Architectural Particle: Five Constraints That Single It Out

Why the electron mass m_e appears across so many of the closed-form relations. Five simultaneous constraints — stability, charge, elementarity, Higgs coupling, minimality — that uniquely select the electron.

Published
DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19711054

Abstract

Three recently proposed numerical relations express the gravitational constant GG, the cosmological constant Λ\Lambda, and the baryon-to-photon ratio η\eta in terms of the electron’s couplings: the fine-structure constant α\alpha and the electron Yukawa coupling ye=2me/vy_e = \sqrt{2}\,m_e/v. These relations were identified using the DAEDALUS dimensional-analysis engine [Zhang 2026g], lack first-principles derivations, and the GG formula is in 11σ tension with CODATA 2018. Nevertheless, if they are physical, a natural question arises: why should the electron, rather than some other Standard Model particle, play this role? We show that the electron is the only particle in the Standard Model satisfying five simultaneous constraints required by the structure of the formulas: stability, electric charge, elementarity, nonzero Higgs coupling, and minimality (lightest of its kind). This uniqueness is partly tautological — the formulas are written in terms of electron parameters — but the constraints themselves are physical and would apply to any analogous set of relations. The extreme smallness of ye106y_e \sim 10^{-6} simultaneously ensures weak gravity and small dark energy, suggesting that the hierarchy problem and the cosmological constant problem may be two aspects of a single question: why is the electron Yukawa coupling so small?

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19711054